What is a heavy oil burner? The principle and technical characteristics of heavy oil burners

What is a heavy oil burner? The principle and technical characteristics of heavy oil burners
Introduction to Heavy Oil Fuel:
Heavy oil is a byproduct of crude oil refining. It is usually made of cracked heavy oil, vacuum heavy oil, atmospheric heavy oil, or wax oil in different proportions.
In terms of selection, the overall requirements should be high calorific value, good combustion performance, moderate viscosity, good corrosiveness, low solid impurities, and easy storage and transportation.
Viscosity:
The viscosity represents the flowability of the fuel. The higher the viscosity, the worse the atomization effect. It is the most important quality and performance indicator for heavy oil, directly affecting the efficiency and fuel consumption of the oil pump and nozzle. As the temperature increases, the viscosity of heavy oil gradually decreases, so high viscosity oil must be heated for smooth transportation and atomization.
Therefore, when selecting oil products, in addition to understanding the conventional indicators of the oil products, it is also necessary to understand the viscosity temperature curve of the oil products to ensure that heating can make the heavy oil reach the viscosity required by the pre atomization burner. For mechanical atomization burners, the optimal fuel viscosity before the nozzle is 2.5~3.5 ° Et, and the optimal fuel viscosity for high-pressure air atomization burners is 4.5~5.8 ° Et.
The viscosity expressions for units include Ingel viscosity (° Et) and kinematic viscosity t (mm2/s, also known as centro cSt), with a conversion relationship of t=7.310 ° ET-6.31/° Et
Sulfur content:
In heavy oil, sulfur may exist in various forms, such as elements, compounds, etc. The emission of SO2 and SO3 generated by sulfur combustion into the atmosphere will seriously pollute the environment, and combine with water vapor to produce highly corrosive sulfite and sulfuric acid, thereby affecting the service life of the flue, dust collector, and fan. In addition, sulfides have varying degrees of impact on oil pipelines, valves, pumps, sealing rings, spray guns, etc. Therefore, when selecting heavy oil, the lower the sulfur content, the better, generally less than 3%.
Mechanical impurities:
Mechanical impurities can clog the filter screen, spray gun, and oil valve, accelerate the wear of the oil pump and nozzle, and seriously affect the service life of the parts. Therefore, it is generally required that the mechanical impurity content of the fuel be less than 0.5-1%.
Flash point and flash point:
Flash point and ignition point are important indicators for fuel fire and explosion safety. The higher the temperature, the better. When selecting oil, it is important to know its flash point and ignition point to determine the heating temperature. In heavy oil storage tanks without pressure openings, the heating temperature should be below the flash point of 10-20 ° C, which can effectively avoid fires.
Calorific value:
Calorific value is an important economic indicator of fuel and is directly related to the fuel consumption of asphalt stations. The higher the calorific value, the better. The low calorific value of oil is usually 38.5-44MJ/kg.
Moisture content:
Water is one of the main impurities in fuel. It not only reduces the content of combustible components in the fuel, but also makes it difficult for the fuel to ignite. Excessive moisture can increase corrosion of pipelines and equipment, increase heat loss caused by smoke exhaust and transportation energy consumption, and uneven moisture content can lead to flame pulsation or even flameout. Fuel oil should be dehydrated before use, and the water content should generally be controlled between 1% and 3%.
Technical features:
1. By using flame stabilizers, stable vortex circulation can be maintained at the root of the flame, reducing the rotation of internal air and thus reducing the main air volume by half.
2. The use of a flame cover prevents the heavy oil in the airflow from diverging arbitrarily, resulting in adverse effects. The flame shape is more reasonable, avoiding high temperatures at the kiln head and extending the service life of the protective iron at the kiln mouth.
3. The external clean air has intermittent rectangular direct injection air, which is changed to circular net air injection after reaching the front end of the burner. At the same time, increasing the ring gap area can prolong the flame and increase the average temperature inside the kiln.
4. The cyclone blades are installed at the front end of the inner air duct, 2cm away from the front end of the outer cylinder wall, to fold the flame and avoid high temperature at the kiln head. The first handle of the burner can be adjusted. When leaving the factory, the position of the cyclone separator blades is at the 6 "position of the scale. The adjustment range is 0} 6cm, with no negative values.
5. The central wind blows back the high-temperature gas around the nozzle, not only cooling the inside of the nozzle, but also cooling the end face, thereby protecting the burner head and extending the burner's service life.